World’s oldest evidence of horse dentistry
World’s oldest evidence of horse dentistry found in Mongolia
That dental practice, which dates to as early as about 2800 years ago,
coincided with the appearance in Mongolia of metal bits that made it easier for
riders to control horses.
Oldest evidence of horse dentistry
Mongolian pastoralists were trying to remove
troublesome teeth from horses’ mouths almost 3200 years ago, making those
mobile herders the earliest known practitioners of horse dentistry, a new study
finds. Those initial, incomplete tooth removals led to procedures for
extracting forward-positioned cheek teeth known as first premolars from young
horses, say archaeologist William Taylor and his colleagues. That dental
practice, which dates to as early as about 2800 years ago, coincided with
the appearance in Mongolia of metal bits that made it easier for riders to
control horses, according to the researchers. Long-distance travel and mounted
warfare with sedentary civilizations across Asia soon followed. “Veterinary
dentistry was instrumental in the rise of horse warfare on the Eurasian
steppes, allowing herders to use metal bits while avoiding behavior and health
complications for horses that may have accompanied bit use,” says Taylor, of
the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany. In
particular, first premolars could interfere with a bit’s movement and cause
pain or damage to the tooth. Taylor’s group identified microscopic signs of
cutting and sawing on frontal teeth from two of ten Bronze Age Mongolian
horses. These two teeth, which date to between around three thousand two hundred
and two thousand nine hundred years ago, apparently grew at odd angles that may
have interfered with chewing. “This results of our study show that a careful
understanding of horse anatomy and a tradition of care was first developed, not
in the sedentary civilizations of China or the Mediterranean, but centuries
earlier, among the nomadic people whose livelihood depended on the well-being
of their horses.” [source: VOM Web]